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The heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) protein family is a cluster of highly conserved molecules that play an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Hsp90 and its co-chaperones regulate a variety of pathways and cellular functions, such as cell growth, cell cycle control and apoptosis. Hsp90 is closely associated with the occurrence and development of tumors and other diseases, making it an attractive target for cancer therapeutics. Inhibition of Hsp90 expression can affect multiple oncogenic pathways simultaneously. Most Hsp90 small molecule inhibitors are in clinical trials due to their low efficacy, toxicity or drug resistance, but they have obvious synergistic anti-tumor effect when used with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, tubulin inhibitors or topoisomerase II (Topo II) inhibitors. To address this issue, the design of Hsp90 dual-target inhibitors can improve efficacy and reduce drug resistance, making it an effective tumor treatment strategy. In this paper, the domain and biological function of Hsp90 are briefly introduced, and the design, discovery and structure-activity relationship of Hsp90 dual inhibitors are discussed, in order to provide reference for the discovery of novel Hsp90 dual inhibitors and clinical drug research from the perspective of medicinal chemistry.
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@#The main toxic component of tetramine is tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS). It is a sulfonamide derivative without special antidote, tasteless and tasteless, with high toxicity and high mortality.[1]It was first discovered by a German scientist Hagen in 1949. Although its use has been banned worldwide due to its high toxicity and mortality rate, it is still available in certain countries and has led to cases of intentional and unintentional poisoning. Tetramine blocks γ-neurons, leading to dizziness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, convulsions, and other symptoms.[2-4]Due to the lack of recognized effective antidotes, many poisoned people suffocate and die as a result of continuous spasms of the respiratory muscles.[5-7] Tetramine poisoning sometimes occurs, but it is rare for vegetables grown in tetramine-contaminated soil to cause group poisoning after being eaten.
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Small private online course (SPOC), an emerging network-based, student-centered blended teaching model, combines the advantages of online teaching and flipped classroom, aiming to effectively improve students’ autonomous learning ability and learning efficiency. Considering a remarkable decline in the course of Human Parasitology, we built an SPOC-based blended teaching model for Human Parasitology, covering pre-course learning, intra-course leaning, post-course consolidation and evaluation, and such a model was applied among grade 2019 students with specialty of clinical medicine. Following the application of the SPOC-based blended teaching model, most students had improvements in autonomous learning ability and activity, and understanding of human parasitology knowledge, and the examination score disparity was avoided.
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The incidence and mortality of gastric cancer are higher among all kinds of tumors, and the number of deaths due to gastric cancer in China is as high as 498 000.Because the pathogenesis of early gastric cancer is not obvious, most patients who have been treated in hospitals are already in middle and advanced stages of gastric cancer, which brings a heavy burden to families and the society. The postoperative survival of patients of advanced gastric cancer is significantly lower than those of early gastric cancer. The most important reason is lymphatic metastasis of gastric cancer. Lymphatic metastasis is the main metastasis pathway of gastric cancer. The lymphatic metastasis rate of progressive gastric cancer is as high as 70%, and early gastric cancer can also have lymphatic metastasis. The lymph node metastasis rate of gastric cancer was positively correlated with the infiltration depth of the tumor. In addition to surgical resection, lymphatic chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapies, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has also played an important role due to the advantages of a low toxicity, good therapeutic effect and low price. According to the theory of TCM, the occurrence of gastric cancer is caused by unclean diet, emotional disorders, and deficiencies, which result in phlegm, Qi resistance, blood stasis, and attack the stomach. The pathogenesis is the asthenia in origin and asthenia in superficiality, and clinical TCM therapies mostly focus on phlegm and blood stasis, spleen and Qi, warm and cold. In recent years, a number of studies have proved that TCM has a significant and effective effect in the treatment of lymphatic metastasis of gastric cancer. It may inhibit the anoikis and the tumor by inhibiting the hydrolysis of matrix metalloproteinase on the basement membrane and extracellular matrix (ECM), stimulating tumor anoikis, suppressing lymphatic neovascularization, regulating tumor-associated gene expression and other pathways, so as to treat lymphatic metastasis of gastric cancer. This article reviews the advance of theoretical research, experimental research and clinical research of TCM in the treatment of lymphatic metastasis of gastric cancer in recent years, and reveals the mechanism of TCM and its targets, in order to provide scientific basis for further studies and clinical application of the effect of TCM on the lymphatic metastasis of gastric cancer.
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To tailor the subsequent treatment and follow-up strategy,this study dynamically assessed the response to initial therapy in non-distant metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients with intermediate and high risk. A total of 184 non-distant metastatic DTC patients (intermediate-risk 111 cases and high-risk 73 cases) were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Based on the results of initial response assessment (6-12 months after initial therapy),patients were divided into two groups:excellent response (ER) group (=113) and non-excellent response (non-ER) group (=71). We compared the differences in clinicopathological features between these 2 groups and evaluated the changes of dynamic response to therapy at the initial and final assessments after initial therapy in all patients. Compared with the ER group,the non-ER group showed a larger tumor size (=2771.500,=0.000),higher proportion of extrathyroidal invasion (=4.070,=0.044),and higher preablative-stimulated thyroglobulin levels (=1367.500,=0.000). ER was achieved in 31% of patients in the initial non-ER group [including indeterminate response (IDR) and biochemical incomplete response (BIR)] at the final follow-up only by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression therapy,among which 63.6% were with intermediate risk (especially the patients with IDR) and 36.4% at high risk. In addition,5.2%(6/113) of patients in the initial ER group were reassessed as IDR,BIR,or even structural incomplete response at the end of the follow-up (among which one patient developed into cervical lymph node recurrence,as confirmed by pathology);the TSH level in these patients fluctuated at 0.56-10.35 μIU/ml and was not corrected in time during the follow-up after initial therapy. Some of non-distant metastatic DTC patients with intermediate and high risks who presented initial non-ER may achieve ER only by TSH suppression therapy over time;in contrast,the patients presented initial ER may develop into non-ER without normalized TSH suppression therapy. The dynamic risk assessment system may provide a real-time assessment of recurrence risk and tailor the subsequent treatment and follow-up strategies.
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Humans , Follow-Up Studies , Neoplasm Metastasis , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Retrospective Studies , Risk Assessment , Thyroglobulin , Blood , Thyroid Neoplasms , Diagnosis , Therapeutics , ThyrotropinABSTRACT
Differentiated thyroid cancer(DTC) generally carries good prognosis through standard treatment. While,it could dedifferentiate into radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer(RAIR-DTC),which progresses rapidly with high mortality and limited treatment methods. Recently,along with the increasing of studies on genetic features,signal transduction pathways and immune microenvironment of RAIR-DTC,as well as the development of new radionuclide tracers,more theoretical bases have been provided for the targeted therapy of RAIR-DTC.
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OBJECTIVE@#To characterize the molecular mechanism underlying the antineoplastic activity of Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. extracts (COE).@*METHODS@#The human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells with mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) knockdown expressed (HepG2/mTOR) were constructed using molecular biological technology. In vitro, the HepG2/mTOR cells were treated with COE at various concentrations (10, 20, 40, 80, 160 and 320 µ g/mL). Cell viability was determined using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. According to the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC) value (140 mg/L), the concentrations of COE in the subsequent experiment was set to alleviate cytotoxicity. The HepG2/mTOR cells were divided into 5 groups: negative control (untreated), COE treatment groups (40, 80, 120 mg/L COE) and positive control group (cisplatin, DDP, 2 mg/L), respectively. Wild-type HepG2 cells were used as a blank control. The effects of COE on the cell apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), respectively. The protein expression levels of mTOR signal pathways were determined by Western blotting. In vivo, HepG2/mTOR cells (2 × 10 cell/mice) were subcutaneously injected into the right flank of nude mice. Thirty-six female nude mice were randomly assigned to 6 groups according to body weight (6 mice per group) as follows: solvent vehicle control, Banmao Capsule treated group (BM, 195 mg/kg), Tegafur, Gimeracil and Oteracil Potassium Capsules (10 mg/kg) treated group, and different dosages of COE (10, 20, 40 mg/kg) groups. Tumor growth was monitored and immunohistochemical staining was used to examine the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in tumor tissues.@*RESULTS@#COE inhibited the proliferation significantly in a concentration-dependent manner in HepG2/mTOR cells (P<0.01). COE significantly induced the apoptosis of HepG2/mTOR cells (P<0.01), and the apoptotic bodies can be observed under TEM. COE significantly inhibits the proteins expression of mTOR-related signal pathways. In vivo, COE significantly inhibited tumor growth in nude mice (P<0.01). Moreover, the results showed that COE down-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, and up-regulated the levels of Bax and caspase-3 protein (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#COE was a potential chemotherapeutic drug in HCC treatments via targeting mTOR signal pathway.
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OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the effects of Celastrus Orbiculatus extracts (COE) on metastasis in hypoxia-induced hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms.@*METHODS@#The effect of COE (160, 200 and 240 µ g/mL) on cell viability, scratch-wound, invasion and migration were studied by 3-4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), scratch-wound and transwell assays, respectively. CoCl was used to establish a hypoxia model in vitro. Effects of COE on the expressions of E-cadherin, vimentin and N-cadherin were investigated with Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis, respectively.@*RESULTS@#COE inhibited proliferation and metastasis of hypoxia-induced hepatocellular carcinoma cells in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.01). Furthermore, the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related markers were also remarkably suppressed in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.01). In addition, the upstream signaling pathways, including the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α (Hif-1 α) and Twist1 were suppressed by COE. Additionally, the Hif-1 α inhibitor 3-5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole (YC-1), potently suppressed cell invasion and migration as well as expression of EMT in hypoxia-induced HepG2 cells. Similarly, the combined treatment with COE and YC-1 showed a synergistic effect (P<0.01) compared with the treatment with COE or YC-1 alone in hypoxia-induced HepG2 cells.@*CONCLUSIONS@#COE significantly inhibited the tumor metastasis and EMT by suppressing Hif-1 α/Twist1 signaling pathway in hypoxia-induced HepG2 cell. Thus, COE might have potential effect to inhibit the progression of HepG2 in the context of tumor hypoxia.
Subject(s)
Humans , Biomarkers, Tumor , Metabolism , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular , Drug Therapy , Pathology , Celastrus , Chemistry , Cell Hypoxia , Cell Proliferation , Cell Shape , Cobalt , Down-Regulation , Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition , Hep G2 Cells , Liver Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Pathology , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Neoplasm Metastasis , Neoplasm Proteins , Metabolism , Plant Extracts , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: At present, studies have shown that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have self-renewal ability, which can be used as ideal seed cells for repairing tissue and organ damages caused by aging and lesions. OBJECTIVE: To study the changes in the levels of oxidation, inflammatory factors and neurotrophic factors (BDNF) in the brain of aging rats undergoing BMSCs transplantation, and to analyze the mechanism underlying the repair of learning and memory ability in the aging rats. METHODS: A total of 30 clean Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group, model group and BMSCs group, 10 rats in each group. Aging models were made in the rats by 3-month subcutaneous injection of D-galactose. After modeling, BMSCs treatment was performed via tail vein injection in the BMSCs group.The injection was performed once a week,for 8 continuous weeks.Morris water maze was used to detect the learning and memory abilities of the rats in each group after the final injection of BMSCs. Superoxide dismutase activity in the brain tissue of rats was detected by xanthine oxidase method. Level of malondialdehyde in the rat brain tissue was detected by thiobarbituric acid method. Total antioxidant capacity of the brain tissue was detected by Fe3+reduction method. Real-time PCR and western blot assay were used to detect the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA and protein in the brain tissue of the aging rat, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the model group, the BMSCs group exhibited significantly higher activity of superoxide dismutase, stronger total antioxidant capacity, and higher levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA and protein (P < 0.05), but the lower malondialdehyde level in the brain (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, there was less time and higher frequency for passing through the platform in the BMSCs group (P < 0.05). Our findings further indicate that BMSCs can improve the abilities of learning and memory in aging rats, and the underlying mechanism is likely to improve antioxidant capacity and to regulate the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factors.
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Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of acupuncture point injection plus Wen Dan decoction in treating cervical vertigo of wind-phlegm stagnation type. Method Sixty patients with cervical vertigo of wind-phlegm stagnation type were randomized to treatment and control groups, 30 cases each. The control group was treated with Betahistine mesilate tablets and the treatment group, acupuncture point injection plus Wen Dan decoction in addition. One course of treatment consisted of 14 days. The effects on cervical vertigo were evaluated after two courses of treatment. Result The total efficacy rate was 90.0% in the treatment group and 73.3% in the control group; there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Blood lipid levels, hemorheological indicators, and bilateral vertebral artery (VA) and basilar artery (BA) mean flow velocity were better in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture point injection plus Wen Dan decoction based on Betahistine mesilate tablets has clinically a better therapeutic effect on cervical vertigo of wind-phlegm stagnation type.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of Osthole on apoptosis of HL-60 cells induced by tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its possible mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The proliferative inhibition of HL-60 cells treated with different concentrations of Osthole, TRAIL alone and Osthole combined with TRAIL was measured by MTT assay. The HL-60 cells were treated with Osthole, TRAIL alone and Osthole combined with TRAIL at the concentration<ICvalue, i.e. 100µmol/L for Osthole and 40 ng/ml for TRAIL. Apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of HL-60 cells were detected by flow cytometry; the mRNA expression of BCL-2, BAX and DR5 was determined by RT-PCR; and the levels of Caspase-3,-8,-9 activity were detected by spectrophotometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The combined treatment (100µmol/L Osthole + 40 ng/ml TRAIL) of HL-60 cells for 48 h induced an apoptotic rate of (33.9±2.7) %, which was significantly higher than that of cells treated with Osthole or TRAIL alone (P<0.05); at the same time, the combined treatment promoted the decrease of MMP and the expression rate of BCL-2/BAX, and potentiated the expression of DR5 and Caspase-3,-8,-9 activity.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Osthole can sensitize HL-60 cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, which may be related with the activation of mitochondrial pathways and up-regulation of DR5.</p>
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Humans , Apoptosis , Coumarins , HL-60 Cells , TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing LigandABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the correlation between a diverse of clinical factors and bone metastases of prostate cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 80 patients with prostate cancer were collected and analyzed. The correlations of age, alkaline phosphotase (ALP), prostate specific antigen (PSA), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), Gleason score, and expressions of androgen receptor (AR) and Ki-67 with bone metastases were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Logistic regression analysis. The cutoff value, sensitivity and specificity of the independent correlation factors were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Forty-five of the 80 patients (56%) were found to have bone metastasis, who had significantly older age and higher levels of ALP, PSA, ESR, Gleason score, and expressions of AR and Ki-67 than those without bone metastasis (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis identified PSA, Gleason score and AR expression as independent factors correlated with bone metastasis with OR (95% CI) of 1.005 (1.001, 1.009) (P=0.008), 5.356 (1.431, 20.039) (P=0.013), and 18.594 (2.460, 140.524) (P=0.005), respectively. The cutoff values of PSA, Gleason Score and AR were 67.1 ng/ml, 7.5, and 2.5, respectively; their sensitivities were 55.6%, 75.6%, and 84.0% for predicting bone metastasis with specificities of 97.1%, 82.9%, and 91.4%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Of the factors analyzed, PSA, Gleason score and AR expression, but not age, ALP, PSA, ESR, or Ki-67 expression, are the predictive factors of bone metastasis of prostate cancer.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Alkaline Phosphatase , Metabolism , Bone Neoplasms , Diagnosis , Neoplasm Grading , Predictive Value of Tests , Prostate-Specific Antigen , Blood , Prostatic Neoplasms , Pathology , Receptors, Androgen , Metabolism , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Objective To explore the feasibility and clinical value of ultrasonography in evaluating the morphology and function of medial collateral ligaments (MCL) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods Totally 38 patients undergoing routine KTA (group A) and 22 patients undergoing constrained condylar knee arthroplasty KTA with MCL injury (group B) were included. Long axis views of MCL were taken and the MCL thickness was measured on femur side and tibial side 1 cm away from the joint line, respectively. The thicknesses were compared between the two groups. Subsequently, the gap between the metal part of the femoral prosthesis and the spacer after dynamic valgus stress was measured. The distribution and composition of the gap between the two groups were compared. Results High-frequency ultrasound clearly showed the prosthesis and MCL after TKA. MCL fiber structures of both groups were intact. The MCL thickness on the tibial side in group B was (0.25±0.06)cm, which was significantly thinner than group A [(0.32±0.14)cm] (t=2.12, P=0.040).For the femur side, there was no significant difference (t=1.65, P=0.110) between these two groups [(0.37±0.09) cm in group B versus (0.42±0.12)cm in group A]. Under the condition of valgus stress, the gaps between the metal part of the femoral prosthesis and the spacer could be found in 11 cases in group B but only in 1 case in group A. The proportion of gaps in group B was significantly higher than that in group A (Fisher's exact test, P=0.000). Conclusions High-frequency ultrasound can clearly show the prosthesis and MCL after TKA. The injured MCL can be well joined but the thickness is thinner. Under the condition of valgus stress of the knee, the stability of the TKA can be evaluated according to the gap between the prosthesis and the spacer.
Subject(s)
Humans , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee , Femur , Knee Joint , Medial Collateral Ligament, Knee , Diagnostic Imaging , Physiology , Tibia , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
To observe microwave induced dynamic pathological changes in the sinus nodes, wistar rats were exposed to 0, 5, 10, 50 mW/cm2 microwave. In 10 and 50 mW/cm2 groups, disorganized sinoatrial node cells, cell swelling, cytoplasmic condensation, nuclear pyknosis, and anachromasis, swollen, and empty mitochondria, and blurred and focally dissolved myofibrils could be detected from 1 to 28 d, while reduced parenchymal cells, increased collagen fibers, and extracellular matrix remodeling of interstitial cells were observed from 6 to 12 months. In conclusion, 10 and 50 mW/cm2 microwave could cause structural damages in the sinoatrial node and extracellular matrix remodeling in rats.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Extracellular Matrix , Pathology , Radiation Effects , Microwaves , Rats, Wistar , Sinoatrial Node , Pathology , Radiation EffectsABSTRACT
To investigate the effects of gambognic acid (GA) on TRAIL-induced apoptosis of cancer cells, human colon HT-29 cancer cells were treated with GA to promote apoptosis. Inhibition of the cell proliferation was measured with MTT assay and cell apoptosis was detected with formation of DNA ladders in agarose gel electrophoresis, and activation of caspase activity. The content of cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured with flow cytometry. The activities of Caspase-3, -8, -9 were detected using spectrophotometric assay. The levels of c-FLIP, CHOP, DR4 and DR5 in cells were tested by Western blot. Combination of GA (1 µg · mL(-1)) and TRAIL (40 ng · mL(-1)) significantly reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis of HT-29 cells over those induced by each agent alone. Percentage of apoptotic cells was increased to 45.5%. GA markedly enhanced the intracellular ROS generation. Expression of CHOP, DR4 and DR5 was up-regulated to 7.38, 5.41, and 4.85 times of the control group, respectively. GA promoted activation of Caspase-3, -8, and -9 by TRAIL (P<0.05). Furthermore, the expression of anti-apoptotic protein c-FLIP was down-regulated to 0.22 ± 0.08 times of the control group. In conclusion, GA sensitizes HT-29 cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by promoting ROS-activated ERS pathways, up-regulating of DR4 and DR5, and inhibiting c-FLIP expression.
Subject(s)
Humans , Apoptosis , Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins , Metabolism , Caspases , Metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , Colonic Neoplasms , Metabolism , Down-Regulation , HT29 Cells , Reactive Oxygen Species , Metabolism , TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand , Pharmacology , Up-Regulation , Xanthones , PharmacologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the efficacy in cervical headache of acupuncture combined with fire needling and the simple acupuncture therapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and eighty cases were randomized into an acupuncture plus fire needling group (group A) and an acupuncture group (group B), 90 cases in each one. Baihui (GV 20), Wangu (GB 12), Fengchi (GB 20), Tianzhu (BL 10) and Neck-Jiaji (EX-B 2) were selected in the two groups. In group A, the fire needling technique was applied to all the above points before acupuncture with filiform needles. In group B, the acupuncture therapy was used only. The treatment was given once a day, the efficacy was compared between the two groups after 20 treatments.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate was 95.6% (86/90) in group A and was 84. 4% (76/90) in group B, indicating the significant difference in comparison (P<0.05). VAS were 7.44+/-1.26 and 0.73+/-l. 44 before and after treatment in group A separately, those were 7.56+/-1.07 and 2. 56+/-2. 99 in group B, indicating the significant difference in comparison (P<0.01). The difference in VAS after treatment was significant between the two groups. In group A, the follow-up visit was conducted at 3 months and 6 months after treatment for the cured cases. The total recurrence rate in the patients without bony pathological changes was 14.8% (4/27) and that in the patients with bony pathological changes was 43. 5% (10/23), there was significant difference between them (P<0. 05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The combined therapy of fire needling technique and filiform needle acupuncture improves the efficacy and sustains the efficacy especially on cervical headache without bony pathological changing.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Headache , Therapeutics , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Objective To explore the relationship between the expression of CD109 and the clinical pathological manifestations of human cervix squamous cell carcinoma. Methods Fourteen pieces of normal cervix tissue, 14 pieces of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 (CIN3) tissue, 12 pieces of primary invasive cervix squamous carcinoma tissue and metastatic lymph-node tissue of cervix squamous cell carcinoma in Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University were collected to conduct immunohistochemical staining for detecting the expression of CD109. The results were further confirmed by Western blotting. The expression of Ki-67 in the aforesaid samples was detected by immunohistochemical staining and the relationship between CD109 and Ki-67 was analyzed. Results The CD109 expression gradually increased with tumor progression. The expression of CD109 were significantly higher in cervix squamous cell carcinoma tissue and metastatic lymph-node tissue than in normal cervix tissue and CIN3 tissue (P<0.05). The Ki-67 expression also increased with tumor progression. The differences in Ki-67 expression among the four groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). CD109 expression was positively correlated with the expression of Ki-67(r=0.953, P<0.01). Conclusions CD109 seems to correlate with the proliferation of cervix squamous carcinoma cell and may play an important role in the development, progression, invasion and metastasis of cervix squamous cell carcinoma.
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Objective To explore the relationship between the expression of CD109 and the clinical pathological manifestations of human cervix squamous cell carcinoma. Methods Fourteen pieces of normal cervix tissue, 14 pieces of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 (CIN3) tissue, 12 pieces of primary invasive cervix squamous carcinoma tissue and metastatic lymph-node tissue of cervix squamous cell carcinoma in Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University were collected to conduct immunohistochemical staining for detecting the expression of CD109. The results were further confirmed by Western blotting. The expression of Ki-67 in the aforesaid samples was detected by immunohistochemical staining and the relationship between CD109 and Ki-67 was analyzed. Results The CD109 expression gradually increased with tumor progression. The expression of CD109 were significantly higher in cervix squamous cell carcinoma tissue and metastatic lymph-node tissue than in normal cervix tissue and CIN3 tissue (P<0.05). The Ki-67 expression also increased with tumor progression. The differences in Ki-67 expression among the four groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). CD109 expression was positively correlated with the expression of Ki-67(r=0.953, P<0.01). Conclusions CD109 seems to correlate with the proliferation of cervix squamous carcinoma cell and may play an important role in the development, progression, invasion and metastasis of cervix squamous cell carcinoma.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. has been used for thousands of years in China as a remedy against cancer and inflammatory diseases. This study aims to investigate whether C. orbiculatus extract (COE) could inhibit angiogenesis, which is the pivotal step in tumor growth, invasiveness, and metastasis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In this study, the extract from the stem of C. orbiculatus was used. Mouse hepatic carcinoma cells (Hepa1-6) were treated with COE in different nontoxic concentrations (10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 μg/mL). The mRNA and protein expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot, respectively; the active fractions were further tested on C57BL/6 mice and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) for any antiangiogenic effects.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>COE significantly inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in Hepa1-6 cells and inhibited VEGF expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, this agent inhibited the formation of the capillary-like structure in primary cultured HUVEC in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo, COE significantly reduced the volume and weight of solid tumors with low adverse effects and decreased tumor angiogenesis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In summary, COE could be used to treat hepatic carcinoma. The mechanisms of the antitumor activity of COE may be due to its effects against tumor angiogenesis by targeting the VEGF protein.</p>